• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    method of operating a well. the present invention is related to a method and use of abandoning a well, or removing a well element disposed in said well, by melting the surrounding materials or by melting the well element, in which the method comprises the steps of: providing an amount of heat-generating mixture, the amount being adapted to perform one of the desired operations, positioning the heat-generating mixture in a melting position in the well, igniting said heat-generating mixture, to thereby provide the melting of the surrounding materials in the well or the melting of the well element.
    公开号:BR112014022660B1
    申请号:R112014022660-1
    申请日:2013-03-08
    公开日:2021-07-27
    发明作者:Skjold Michael
    申请人:Interwell Technology As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of Invention
    [001] The present invention relates to a method to plug and leave a well by melting the surrounding materials. Background of the Invention
    [002] To meet government requirements during plugging and abandonment (P&A) operations performed in a well, an adequately deep barrier should be installed as close as possible to the potential inflow source, covering all leak paths. A permanent well barrier should extend over the entire cross-sectional area of the well, including the entire annular space, and provide a seal both vertically and horizontally in the well. This requires mechanical removal of the pipe or drilling of the tubulars, followed by washing behind the tubulars. This means that iron filings and debris, for example from mechanical machining, need to be purged from all flow lines, including the BOP system, to the rig. Typically, cement is used for the purpose of P&A type operations. However, the well barrier must meet all of the following requirements foreseen for the buffering of a P&A operation: (a) impermeability; (b) long-term integrity; (c) non-shrinkage; (d) ductility (not being brittle) - capable of withstanding loads or mechanical impacts; (e) resistance to different agents or chemical substances (H2S, CO2 and hydrocarbons); and (f) humidification (to ensure bonding to steel).
    [003] The Applicant has invented an alternative method of carrying out the P&A operations, using a heat generating mixture, for example, a thermite mixture. Thermite is commonly known as a pyrotechnic composition, consisting of a metallic powder and a metallic oxide. The metal powder and metal oxide provide an exothermic oxi-reduction reaction, known as the thermite reaction. A number of metals can be used as a reducing agent, for example aluminium. If aluminum is the reducing agent, the reaction is called an aluminothermic reaction. Most varieties are non-explosive, however, they can create small explosions of extremely high temperatures directed to a very small area for a short period of time. Temperatures can reach values as high as 3000°C.
    [004] There are solutions cited in the prior art in which thermite is used within the field of well technology. Examples are disclosed in patent documents US 2006/144591 A1 (Gonzalez et al.) and US 6,923,263 B2 (Eden et al.). Patent document US 2006/144591 A1 describes the use of molten metal plugs in wells. The purpose of patent document US 2006/144591 A1 is to melt a castable repair material, such as a eutectic material, using an exothermic reactant material. The disclosed method comprises introducing a castable repair material close to a structure in an underground well where a fluid seal is desired. Exothermic reagent materials are located close to the repair material that can be melted. The exothermic reagent is ignited or otherwise initiated to create an exothermic reaction that provides heat and melts the repair material to be melted into a molten form. The molten mass circulates and solidifies along the structure and the fluid seal defect occurs, so as to effect a fluid seal in the underground well structure. Suitable exothermic reagent materials exemplified include thermite, thermote, and highly exothermic chemical reactions, such as the reaction between ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite, although preferred meltable materials include brazing materials and eutectic, expanding metals after cooling and solidify from a molten state.
    [005] U.S. Patent No. 6,923,263 B2 discloses an apparatus for forming a plug in a housing, including a body of plug material and a support means for insertion into the housing. The support means supports the body of the plug material. The support means includes a mandrel and at least two circular flanges spaced along the mandrel. The support means also includes a heater for heating the mandrel. The mandrel is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the mandrel material and the plug material slides into at least two circular flanges. Said at least two circular flanges force the expanded solidified plug against the housing, which aids heat transfer between the mandrel and the plug material, and resists crackling of the solidified material along the housing. Other solutions cited by the state of the art are known from patent documents US 2002/170713 A1 and US 4,298,063 A.
    [006] A common feature of the solutions disclosed by the prior art is that the metallic material of the plug is introduced into the well. Furthermore, the plug is substantially formed within a tubular element, such as a shell or a tube, providing a metallic seal within said tubular element. Therefore, the melting point of the inserted plug material must be lower than the melting point of the surrounding tubular element, to prevent the tubular element from melting.
    [007] An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for permanently abandoning a well, or removing a well element disposed in said well, by using a mixture of thermite.
    [008] Another objective of the invention is to reduce or remove the need for a probe in buffering and abandonment (P&A) operations. Invention Summary
    [009] The invention is established and characterized by the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other features of the invention.
    [010] The invention relates to a method for abandoning a well, by melting surrounding materials, such as pipes, cement and formation sand, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a quantity of a heat generating mixture , the quantity being adapted to carry out the desired operation; - position the heat generating mixture in a desired position in the well; - providing the ignition of the heat generating mixture, thereby promoting the fusion of the surrounding materials in the well.
    [011] In addition, a method of removing a well element, disposed within said well, by melting this well element is described, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a quantity of a heat generating mixture, the quantity being adapted to perform the desired operation; - position the heat generating mixture in a desired position in the well; - providing the ignition of the heat generating mixture, thereby promoting the fusion of the well element.
    [012] After ignition, a heat-generating mixture, for example, a thermite mixture or other mixture, will burn at a temperature of up to 3000°C and melt a large part of the surrounding nearby materials, with or without the addition of any additional metal or other materials that may be cast in the well. The surrounding materials can include any material normally present in the well, such as tubular elements, e.g. casing, pipes and liner, cement, formation sand, etc. The heat from the ignited mixture will melt a sufficient amount of said materials. When the heat generating mixture has been burned, the molten materials will solidify forming a seal, eg a plug, comprising molten metal, cement, formation sand, etc., against the formation of the well. The operation is particularly suitable on vertical sections of the well, but it may also be suitable for diversion or divergence sections, such as horizontal sections or sections that differ from a vertical section.
    [013] The sufficient amount of heat-generating mixture, for example, thermite mixture, varies, depending on the operation that will be performed, as well as the well path model. Thus, as an example, the NORSOK D010 standard, which refers to well integrity in drilling and other well operations, defines that a cement plug must be at least 50 meters, and in some operations, up to 200 meters , when used in abandon operations. For example, it is possible to completely fill the internal volume of the tube. In the well abandonment modality, a pipe having an internal diameter of 0.2286 m (9 5/8”) has a capacity of 0.037 m3 per meter of pipe. In order to provide a 50 meter buffer by means of the method according to the invention, 1.85 m3 of a heat generating mixture comprising thermite would be required. Similarly, if a 200 meter cement plug is required, the amount of heat generating mix (6) would be 3.4 m3. However, it should be understood that other sizes of plug may be used, as the plug provided by the present invention will have properties other than cement, and the NORSOK standard may not be relevant for all applications and operations. Any amount of heat generating mixture can be used, depending on the desired operation, properties of the heat generating mixture and materials.
    [014] When using a heat generating mixture to remove a well element, a certain amount of heat generating mixture is placed in a well at a desired location. Removal of a well element or at least parts of a well element from within a well can be done in a number of ways, such as making an opening in a pipe or casing for drilling a diverted well, or enabling expose training, for example, as part of a tamponade and dropout operation. Typically, during operations that include drilling deviated wells, it has proven difficult to promote drilling through pipe or casing. The present method is applied in solving this difficulty by providing a certain amount of a heat-generating mixture, positioned in the desired location, that is, a melting position in which the heat-generating mixture is ignited and creates an opening in the pipe or on the casing wall, where the bypass well can be drilled.
    [015] Alternatively, a heat generating mixture can be positioned to fuse a larger area of the pipe or casing, for example, to fuse around the entire perimeter of the pipe or casing. This can be practical if the pipe or casing is encased in cement or shale, which are proven to be difficult to melt. Another option may also be to melt the pipe or carcass and expose the cement and/or carcass. Thus, cement or shale can be removed, for example, by milling or repassing (widening), etc., as is obvious to a person skilled in the art.
    [016] The sufficient amount of heat-generating mixture required to remove a well element or at least parts of that well element will be less than for the well abandonment mode, since less material must be melted and depends the degree of fusion that is desired, as well as the material of the well element.
    [017] The porosity and density of different heat generating mixtures can vary and thus the weight of different heat generating mixtures can vary.
    [018] The method may further comprise the step of disposing an ignition head in connection with the heat generating mixture. The ignition head may be suitable for igniting the heat generating mixture.
    [019] In one embodiment, the method comprises the step of positioning at least one high temperature resistant element close to the fusion position in the well. The high temperature resistant element serves to protect parts of the well or well elements that are arranged above, below, and/or contiguous with the melt position. The high temperature resistant element can be made of high temperature resistant materials such as a ceramic element or a glass element. One or more high temperature resistant elements can be arranged in the well.
    [020] In another embodiment, the method comprises the steps of positioning the heat-generating mixture in a container and lowering the container to the melting position in the well, using a cable line or a tube wound in a spiral shape. The desired amount of heat-generating mixture is prepared on the surface and placed in a container. The mixture can, for example, be a granular mixture or a powder mixture. The container can be any container suitable for lowering into a well. Depending on the desired operation, the container, or a set of a number of containers, can be a short or long container. In an P&A operation, when the need for a large melting area is desired, the set of containers can be several meters, ranging from 1 meter to 1000 meters.
    [021] In one embodiment, the method comprises the step of circulating the heat generating mixture to the fusion position in the well. The heat generating mixture can be mixed with a fluid, forming a fluid mixture. The fluid mixture can be brought from the surface to the melt position in the well by means of a circulation step.
    [022] In situations where the well must be plugged and abandoned, i.e. P&A operations, the method may comprise the step of positioning at least one permanent plug in the vicinity of the fusion position in the well, and at least one resistant element at high temperature above and/or below said permanent buffer in the well. The permanent plug serves to provide a seal above or below the melted position, while the high temperature resistant element serves to protect the permanent plug from the heat of the ignited heat generating mixture.
    [023] The method may further comprise the steps of positioning at least one high temperature resistant element at least above or below said well element to be removed, and at least above or below said heat-generating mixture.
    [024] In an alternative modality, the method comprises the step of arranging an ignition time regulator, in connection with the ignition head. A functioning of an ignition timing regulator can be favorable, for example, in situations where a number of wells must be abandoned in close locations, for example, from the same template. The ignition timing regulator in each well can be adapted to trigger ignition at the same time, or at different times, subsequent to the time the operating vessel has left the site. This reduces the risk that harm can be done to people.
    [025] The heat generating mixture can comprise a thermite mixture, however, other heat generating mixtures can be used. In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a heat-generating mixture to abandon a well by fusing the surrounding materials.
    [026] In addition, it is described the use of a heat generating mixture to remove a well element disposed in a well, through the fusion of the well element.
    [027] While several references have been used throughout the description, such as, for example, tubes, casing, casing, etc., it should be understood that these references are correlated with pipes or tubular elements of steel or other metals normally used in well operations.
    [028] By using the described invention, all operations can be performed by means of a light well intervention vessel or similar, whereby the need for a rig is eliminated. Before ignition of the heat generating mixture, the well can be pressure tested to verify that the seal is airtight. This can be accomplished using pressure sensors or other pressure testing methods known to those skilled in the art. Brief Description of Drawings
    [029] The invention will now be described by means of non-limiting embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: - Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention before ignition of the thermite mixture, in which the thermite mixture is used for well abandonment purposes; figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of figure 1; figure 3 shows the embodiment of figure 1 after ignition of the thermite mixture; Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the invention prior to ignition of the thermite mixture, in which the thermite mixture is used to remove a well element. - figure 5 shows the mode of figure 4 after ignition of the thermite mixture. Detailed Description of a Preferred Mod
    [030] Figure 1 shows an overview of the invention, prior to ignition of the thermite mixture, when the thermite mixture is used for well abandonment purposes. A vertical well (2) was drilled in a formation (1). The well is provided with a casing (3) cemented to the formation wall (not shown) and a casing tube or liner (10) in the lower part of the well (2). In a lower part of the well, a first permanent plug (4) was fitted. A first high temperature resistant element (5), such as a ceramic element or a glass element, is arranged above the first permanent plug (4) to protect the first permanent plug (4). A heat generating mixture, for example a thermite mixture (6) is arranged above the first high temperature resistant element (5). Similarly, a second high temperature resistant element (7) can be arranged as well as a second permanent plug element (8) above the thermite mixture (6). Furthermore, an ignition head (11) for igniting the thermite mixture (6) is arranged in connection with said thermite mixture (6). An ignition time regulator (9) can be arranged to adjust the detonation time of the ignition head (11) and thereby of the thermite mixture (6).
    [031] Figure 2 shows an alternative mode to the mode shown in Figure 1, again, prior to ignition of the thermite mixture. As shown in Figure 1, a vertical well (2) has been drilled in a formation (1). The well is provided with a casing (3) cemented to the formation wall and a casing tube or liner (10) in the lower part of the well (2). In a lower part of the well, a first permanent plug (4) was fitted. A first high temperature resistant element (5) such as a ceramic element or a glass element is arranged above the first permanent plug (4) in order to protect the first permanent plug (4). A thermite mixture (6) is disposed above the first high temperature resistant element (5). An ignition head (11) is arranged in connection with the thermite mixture. Furthermore, a lowering tool (12), such as a wire rope tool, is arranged for lowering at least one of the first permanent plug (4), first high temperature resistant element (5), mixture of thermite (6) or ignition head (11).
    [032] Figure 3 shows the mode of figure 1, after ignition of the thermite mixture. The part of the formation shown with numerical reference (1) was not subjected to the influence of heat from the thermite mixture, while the formation area (1’) was influenced by heat.
    [033] Element (13) in Figure 3 refers to the molten area, that is, the area that has been influenced by the heat of the thermite mixture, for example, the pipe, cement, can or container of thermite mixture, the formation sand, etc. As seen in figure 3, the first permanent plug element (4) is intact after ignition of the thermite mixture. This is due to the fact that the first permanent plug (4) was protected from heat by the first high temperature resistant element (5). Similarly, the second permanent plug (8) and the ignition time regulator (9) are also intact, as they have been protected from heat by the second high temperature resistant element (7).
    [034] An example of a well abandonment operation, see figure 1 and figure 3, may include the positioning of a first permanent plug (4) in a vertical well (2). The first permanent plug (4) serves to plug the well below said plug (4). Then, position a first high temperature resistant element (5) above said plug (4) in the well (2) and in the pipe (10). When the first high temperature resistant element (5) is in place, the thermite (6) and ignition head (11) mixture is lowered to said first high temperature resistant element (5). Then, a second high temperature resistant element (7) is arranged above said mixture of thermite (6) and ignition head (11). Then, a second permanent plug (8) is positioned above said second high temperature resistant element (7) and, if desired, an ignition timing regulator is connected to the ignition head (11). Ignition of the thermite mixture (6) by means of the ignition head (11) results in (see figure 3) that part of the well (2), including cement, piping, formation sand, etc., enters the first high temperature resistant element (5) and the second high temperature resistant element (7) melts due to heat (approximately 3000°C), which is shown by reference numerals (1') and (13). The melted cement, pipe, formation sand, etc. forms a permanent formation seal (1).
    [035] Figure 4 shows an example before the ignition of the thermite mixture, in which the thermite mixture is used for the removal of a well element. A well (2) was drilled in a formation (1). The well (2) is provided with a casing (3) cemented to the formation wall and a casing tube or liner (10) in the lower part of the well (2). In a lower part of the well, a first permanent plug (4) was fitted. A first high temperature resistant element (5), such as a ceramic element or a glass element, is arranged above the first permanent plug (4) to protect the first permanent plug (4). A thermite mixture (6) is arranged above the first high temperature resistant element (5), arranged in connection with an ignition head (11).
    [036] Figure 5 shows the embodiment of figure 4 after ignition of the thermite mixture, in which parts of a pipe (10) were removed. The part of the formation shown by the numerical reference (1) was not subjected to the heat influence of the thermite mixture, while the formation area (1’) was influenced by the heat.
    [037] The numerical reference (15) is correlated to the molten material disposed above the first high temperature resistant element (5), that is, the material that was influenced by the heat of the thermite mixture, for example, pipe, cement, can or container of thermite mixture, formation sand, etc. As seen in the figure, the first permanent plug element (4) is intact after ignition of the thermite mixture (6). This is due to the fact that the first permanent plug (4) was protected from heat by the first high temperature resistant element (5). In the embodiment shown, parts of the tubing (10) have been melted away. Although it is shown that the entire perimeter of a pipeline has been merged, it is also possible to merge only parts of a pipeline, such as forming an opening in the pipeline, etc.
    [038] The operation of the thermite mixture to remove parts of a well element, according to figures 4 and 5, is similar to the method described above for the well abandonment operation. The only difference is the amount of thermite mixture used. By disposing of the modalities of the figures, a proposed solution to achieve the objective of the invention is explained, which is to provide a method for permanent abandonment of a well, through the use of a heat generating mixture.
    [039] The invention has been described herein by means of non-limiting embodiments. However, it should be understood that the modalities shown in figures 1-5 can be implemented with a smaller or larger number of permanent plugs, and elements resistant to high temperatures. One skilled in the art will understand whether it is desirable not to establish any one, one, two or several permanent plugs, depending on the desired operation. Similarly, the number of high temperature resistant elements positioned in the well can vary from zero, one, two or several elements, depending on the desired operation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    1. Method for performing a well abandonment operation (2), characterized by the fact of melting the surrounding materials, such as pipes, cement and formation sand, the method comprising the steps of: - providing a quantity of a mixture heat generator (6); - position the heat generating mixture (6) in a fusion position in the well; - position at least one high temperature resistant element (5, 7) close to the fusion position in the well (2); - providing the ignition of the heat generating mixture (6), thereby promoting the fusion of the surrounding materials in the well (2).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of disposing an ignition head (11) in connection with the heat generating mixture (6).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the steps of positioning the heat-generating mixture (6) in a container and lowering the container to the melt position in the well (2), through the use of a steel cable or a coiled tube in the form of a spiral (12).
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the step of circulating the heat generating mixture (6) to the melting position in the well (2).
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises the step of positioning at least one permanent plug (4, 8) in the vicinity of the melt position in the well and at least one of the high temperature resistant elements (5, 7) above and/or below said permanent plug (4, 8) in the well (2).
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the step of disposing a time regulator (9) in connection with the ignition head (11).
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heat generating mixture (6) is a material that produces an exothermic reaction.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the heat generating mixture (6) comprises a mixture of thermite.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN104334822A|2015-02-04|
    US9683420B2|2017-06-20|
    EP2825719B1|2016-05-18|
    ES2587727T3|2016-10-26|
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    EA201491512A1|2015-02-27|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-01-21| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-18| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/03/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NO20120293|2012-03-12|
    NO20120293A|NO334723B1|2012-03-12|2012-03-12|Procedure for plugging and leaving a well|
    PCT/EP2013/054749|WO2013135583A2|2012-03-12|2013-03-08|Method of well operation|
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